Course Content
Introduction to Diabetes
In this lesson, we will introduce diabetes as a chronic condition and its prevalence in Singapore. We will also cover the types of diabetes in Singapore, including Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes.
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Understanding Blood Sugar
Learn about the basics of blood sugar, its importance in the body, and how it is regulated. We will also discuss the symptoms and causes of high and low blood sugar levels, as well as the complications that can arise from uncontrolled blood sugar levels.
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Type 1 Diabetes
In this lesson, we will explore the causes, symptoms, risk factors, prevention, management and treatment strategies for Type 1 diabetes. We will cover the importance of insulin therapy, blood sugar monitoring and lifestyle modifications in managing this type of diabetes.
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Type 2 Diabetes
In this lesson, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, risk factors, prevention, management and treatment strategies for Type 2 diabetes. We will discuss how obesity, family history and lifestyle factors contribute to the development of this type of diabetes. We will also cover the various medications available for managing Type 2 diabetes, as well as the importance of blood sugar monitoring and lifestyle modifications.
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Diagnosing and Monitoring Diabetes
This lesson focuses on the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes. This includes the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, common tests used for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes, self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring systems, and how to interpret blood sugar readings and make necessary adjustments.
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Medications and Insulin Therapy
In this lesson, we will cover the common medications used in diabetes management, including oral antidiabetic drugs and injectable therapies. We will also discuss insulin therapy, including the different types, administration methods, and dosage calculations. Additionally, we will talk about the importance of adhering to medication regimens and potential side effects. We also cover how to adjust medications based on blood sugar levels and lifestyle changes.
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Meal Planning and Nutrition
In this lesson, we will explore the importance of a balanced diet for diabetes management and the various strategies for healthy eating. We will delve into carbohydrate counting and glycemic index, as well as special considerations for meal planning such as alcohol consumption and dining out.
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Living Well With Diabetes
This lesson highlights key strategies for a fulfilling life with diabetes. It emphasizes emotional well-being, building support networks, practicing self-care, and setting realistic goals. By managing stress, connecting with diabetes communities, prioritizing self-care, and celebrating successes, individuals can achieve balance while effectively managing their condition.
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The Ins And Outs of Diabetes: An Overview
About Lesson

What is insulin therapy?

Insulin therapy is an essential treatment for individuals with type 1 diabetes and some with type 2 diabetes in Singapore. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body. In people with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels.


What are the types of insulin?

There are several types of insulin that can be used, each with its own characteristics and properties.


Rapid-acting insulin. This type of insulin starts working within 15 minutes of injection and lasts for about 3-5 hours. It is typically taken before meals to control the blood sugar spike after eating.


Short-acting insulin. This type of insulin starts working within 30 minutes of injection and lasts for about 5-8 hours. It is also taken before meals to control the blood sugar spike after eating.


Intermediate-acting insulin. This type of insulin takes longer to start working, usually about 2-4 hours after injection, but lasts for about 12-16 hours. It is typically taken twice a day to maintain a steady level of insulin in the body.


Long-acting insulin. This type of insulin takes several hours to start working, but lasts for up to 24 hours. It is typically taken once a day to provide a steady baseline level of insulin in the body.


Combination insulin. This type of insulin combines a rapid-acting or short-acting insulin with an intermediate-acting or long-acting insulin. It is typically taken twice a day to control blood sugar levels throughout the day and night.


The type of insulin prescribed will depend on the individual’s blood sugar levels, lifestyle, and other medical conditions. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and timing of insulin injections to avoid complications and achieve optimal blood sugar control.


How is insulin administered?

Insulin is administered through injections or insulin pumps. The injection site can be varied to prevent lipodystrophy, a condition where there is a loss of subcutaneous fat at the injection site.


How do I calculate the dosage for insulin?

Dosage Calculation The dosage of insulin is calculated based on individual needs, taking into account factors such as blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, physical activity, and other medical conditions. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate insulin dosage.


Adherence to insulin therapy is crucial for effective diabetes management. Skipping doses or not taking insulin as prescribed can lead to high blood sugar levels, which can cause long-term complications.


Are there any side effects?

While insulin is generally safe and effective, there are some potential side effects that patients should be aware of. These include:


Hypoglycemia. Low blood sugar is the most common side effect of insulin therapy. This can happen if too much insulin is taken, if meals are skipped or delayed, or if exercise levels change. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, sweating, confusion, and rapid heartbeat. Severe hypoglycemia can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment.


Weight gain. Insulin therapy can cause weight gain in some people. This is because insulin helps the body store glucose as fat, which can lead to increased appetite and weight gain.


Injection site reactions. Injecting insulin can sometimes cause redness, swelling, or itching at the injection site. These reactions are usually mild and go away on their own, but patients can talk to their healthcare provider about ways to reduce them.


Allergic reactions. Some people may be allergic to the ingredients in insulin. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include hives, itching, and difficulty breathing. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should seek medical attention immediately.


Lipodystrophy. Over time, repeated insulin injections can cause changes in the fat under the skin at the injection site. This can lead to lumps or indentations in the skin, which is called lipodystrophy.


It is important for patients to discuss any concerns or potential side effects with their healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective management of their diabetes with insulin therapy.