What is the normal blood sugar level?
In Singapore, the normal blood sugar levels for an adult who has fasted for at least 8 hours (also known as fasting blood sugar) is between 4.0 and 6.0 mmol/L. For a non-fasting adult, the blood sugar level should be less than 7.8 mmol/L.
How does the body regulate blood sugar?
The body has a complex system in place to regulate blood sugar levels. When blood sugar levels rise after a meal, the hormone insulin is released from the pancreas. Insulin helps to transport glucose from the blood into the body’s cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. This process helps to lower blood sugar levels.
On the other hand, when blood sugar levels drop, the hormone glucagon is released from the pancreas. Glucagon signals the liver to release stored glucose into the blood, which helps to raise blood sugar levels.
In addition to insulin and glucagon, there are other hormones and mechanisms involved in regulating blood sugar levels. For example, the hormone cortisol can increase blood sugar levels during times of stress, while exercise can lower blood sugar levels by increasing the uptake of glucose into cells.
Overall, the body has a finely-tuned system for regulating blood sugar levels, which is essential for maintaining energy levels and preventing complications associated with high or low blood sugar.