How is Breast Cancer diagnosed?
In Singapore, various diagnostic procedures and tests are used to evaluate and diagnose breast cancer. These procedures help provide detailed information about the breast abnormalities and assist in determining the presence and extent of breast cancer. Here are some commonly used diagnostic procedures and tests:
Imaging Tests
Mammography. Mammograms use X-rays to produce images of the breast tissue and can detect abnormalities, such as tumors or calcifications.
Breast Ultrasound. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the breast. It is often used to further evaluate suspicious areas identified on mammograms or to assess breast lumps.
Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to generate detailed images of the breast. It is particularly useful in assessing the extent of the disease and determining the presence of additional tumors.
Biopsy
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). FNA involves using a thin needle to withdraw cells or fluid from a breast lump or abnormal area for examination.
Core Needle Biopsy (CNB). CNB uses a larger needle to extract small samples of breast tissue for detailed analysis.
Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy (VAB). VAB is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a vacuum-powered device to remove multiple tissue samples from suspicious areas.
Pathology Evaluation
Histopathology. The collected tissue samples from biopsies are sent to a pathologist who examines them under a microscope to determine if cancer is present, the type of cancer, and its characteristics.
Molecular Testing. Molecular tests analyze the tissue sample for specific genetic or molecular changes that may help guide treatment decisions.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB)
SLNB is a surgical procedure that helps determine if breast cancer has spread to the nearby lymph nodes. It involves injecting a tracer near the tumor to identify the first lymph nodes to receive drainage from the breast. These nodes are then surgically removed and examined for cancer cells.
The selection of diagnostic procedures and tests may vary based on factors such as the individual’s symptoms, imaging findings, and the recommendations of healthcare professionals. These tests are performed by specialized radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons who specialize in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider or breast specialist for personalized advice and to determine the most appropriate diagnostic approach based on individual circumstances.
