What are the surgical options for Colorectal Cancer?
Surgical treatment is a primary approach for managing colorectal cancer. The specific surgical options for colorectal cancer depend on factors such as the location, stage, and size of the tumor, as well as the overall health of the patient.
Here are some common surgical options used in the treatment of colorectal cancer:
Local Excision. Local excision is a minimally invasive procedure suitable for early-stage colorectal cancers that are small and confined to the inner layers of the colon or rectum. This procedure involves the removal of the tumor and a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue. It can be performed through techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or transanal excision.
Colectomy. Colectomy is the most common surgical procedure for colorectal cancer. It involves the removal of a portion of the colon or rectum, along with nearby lymph nodes. The extent of the resection depends on the location and stage of the cancer. After the affected portion is removed, the remaining healthy segments of the colon or rectum are joined together (anastomosis) to restore the continuity of the digestive tract. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be necessary, where a stoma is created to divert the stool.
Lymphadenectomy. Lymphadenectomy, also known as lymph node dissection, involves the removal of nearby lymph nodes during surgery. Lymph nodes are examined to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the primary tumor. The extent of lymphadenectomy depends on the stage and location of the cancer.
Minimally Invasive Surgery. Minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery, may be used for colorectal cancer. These procedures involve making several small incisions instead of a single large incision used in open surgery. Specialized instruments and a camera are inserted through the incisions to perform the surgery with precision. Minimally invasive surgery generally offers benefits such as reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery compared to open surgery.
Palliative Surgery. Palliative surgery aims to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life for patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. It may involve procedures such as stent placement to alleviate bowel obstruction or surgery to control bleeding or manage pain.
The choice of surgical option depends on the specific characteristics of the tumor, stage of the cancer, patient’s overall health, and the expertise of the surgical team. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional specializing in colorectal cancer to determine the most appropriate surgical approach for each individual case.
