What are some side effects of radiation therapy?

Radiation therapy for colorectal cancer can lead to various side effects. Here are common side effects and strategies to manage them:

Skin Reactions

Radiation can cause skin redness, irritation, dryness, or peeling in the treated area.

Management:

• Keep the treated area clean and dry.
• Avoid exposing the area to extreme temperatures or direct sunlight.
• Use mild, fragrance-free moisturizers to keep the skin hydrated.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing made of soft fabrics.
• Inform your healthcare team about any severe skin changes or sores.
  

Fatigue

Radiation therapy can cause fatigue, a feeling of extreme tiredness and lack of energy.

Management:

• Balance rest and activity, incorporating regular periods of rest throughout the day.
• Prioritize sleep and ensure you get enough rest.
• Conserve energy by delegating tasks or asking for help when needed.
• Eat a well-balanced diet and stay hydrated.
• Engage in light exercise, such as walking, as tolerated.
• Seek support from family, friends, or support groups to manage emotional and physical fatigue.

Gastrointestinal Effects

Radiation to the abdomen or pelvis can affect the gastrointestinal tract, leading to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or rectal irritation.

Management:

• Follow the dietary recommendations provided by your healthcare team, which may include a low-fiber or bland diet.
• Stay hydrated and drink plenty of fluids.
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
• Avoid spicy, greasy, or fried foods that may exacerbate symptoms.
• Inform your healthcare team about any persistent or severe gastrointestinal symptoms to receive appropriate management, such as medications to control diarrhea or nausea.
  

Sexual and Reproductive Issues

Radiation therapy to the pelvic area can affect sexual function and fertility.

Management:

• Discuss potential effects with your healthcare team before treatment.
• Explore options for preserving fertility if desired, such as sperm or egg preservation.
• Seek support from healthcare professionals specializing in sexual health if you experience any changes in sexual function.
  

Bladder and Bowel Issues

Radiation to the pelvic area may cause bladder or bowel problems, such as increased frequency, urgency, or discomfort.

Management:

• Stay well-hydrated to help flush out the bladder.
• Practice pelvic floor exercises to strengthen the muscles and manage symptoms.
• Follow a balanced diet with adequate fiber intake to regulate bowel movements.
• Consult your healthcare team for specific strategies or medications to manage bladder or bowel issues.

Long-Term Effects

Radiation therapy may have long-term effects, including bowel or bladder problems or a slightly increased risk of secondary cancers.

Management:

• Follow recommended surveillance and screening guidelines for long-term monitoring of potential late effects.
• Communicate any new symptoms or concerns to your healthcare team promptly.

Remember to communicate openly with your healthcare team about any side effects you experience. They can provide specific strategies for managing side effects and may prescribe medications or make adjustments to your treatment plan, if necessary. Each individual’s experience with radiation therapy is unique, and the side effects can vary.

Your healthcare team will monitor your progress closely and provide personalized guidance to help you manage any side effects that arise during your treatment journey.